Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности [Тема 5-8] [Психология]

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… encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.

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… intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.

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… involves the raising of the upper lip, and the bridge of the nose wrinkles. We express it about things that make us sick, not those about which we’re derisive or suspicious.

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… is a brain-scanning method that scientists use to “decode” activity in the visual cortex to know what a person was looking at in terms of line orientation, position, and even what the object was.

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… is another name for short-term memory.

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… is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed.

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… is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.

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… is most well-known for proposing the concept called the hierarchy of needs.

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… is not a dimension of job burnout:

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… is one way in which people can reset their biological clocks.

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… is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain. This process occurs thanks to our five sensory systems: vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

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… is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.

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… is when you look down on somebody derisively or suspiciously. What’s important about the expression is that the lips tighten on one side of the face but not the other.

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… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things.

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… processing deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space.

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… processing, done in the posterior parietal lobe, near the top of the brain, deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space — either objects in space, or where the parts of a single object are in relation to each other.

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… refers to the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways.

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… refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. It involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.

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… represents information in one brain state after another, and the further along it goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on the retina. It gets more and more abstract. Broadly speaking, from V1, the information takes two paths — one for visual processing and the other for spatial.

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… was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern psychology.

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‘Psyche’ is a Greek word meaning … .

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" … affect" refers to one's propensity to experience positive emotions and interact with others and with life's challenges in a positive way.

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“Top-down processes” stands for …

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“V1” is …

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A high level of … may be useful for jobs that require a great deal of interaction with other people, like public relations, teaching, and sales.

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A self-report checklist of CA2 consists of …

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According to Freud, our personality develops from a(n)… between two forces: our biological aggressive and pleasure-seeking drives versus our internal (socialized) control over these drives.

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According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, the three stages of memory are … memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.

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Active imagination was developed by …

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An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity of positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny is called … .

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An approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially on the brain and nervous system is called … .

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An example of a ‘love and belonging’ level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is …

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An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) … .

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Arthur Jensen believed that …:

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Choose two wrong antithetical traits often present in creative people:

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Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2 correct answers):

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Creativity is often assessed as a function of one’s ability to engage in … thinking.

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Even this early in the … system, retinal neurons are processing some of the information, turning it into something useful for the later neurons.

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Fluid intelligence is characterized by ….

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From a nomothetic point of view, these are considered to describe the psychologically … of any personality adequately.

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Human … is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life. It is driven by genetic and environmental factors that affect an individual.

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Imagination is (typically) a … act.

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In contrast, … thinking describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem.

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In everyday life, generating creative ideas is a sign of creative performance and …’s purpose is to measure this idea generation. Ideation involves idea generation and attribution of value to it; thus, it can be an adequate creativity criterion.

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In recent years, … psychology has emerged as an area of study seeking to identify and promote qualities that lead to greater happiness and fulfillment in our lives. These components include positive affect, optimism, and flow.

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In the brain, the visual cortex processes visual information and passes it from lower to higher areas of the brain which is also called … .

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IQ stands for … and describes a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence.

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JIFT is a self-report for …

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Just about all psychologists believe that all of our long-term memories of things are…

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Make the plan of the currently lecture putting these topics in the order they were mentioned:

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Match English sentences and their Russian equivalents:

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Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:

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Match English terminology with its equivalents in Russian:

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Match English terms with their meaning in Russian:

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Match intelligence types and their characteristics:

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Match terms and their definitions:

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Match the beginning of phrases with their end:

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Match the components of creativity and their definitions:

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Match the components of Freud’s theory with the corresponding phrases:

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Match the English terminology with its equivalents in Russian:

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Match the parts of the sentences:

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Match the stages of memory and their descriptions:

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Match the terms and their definitions:

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Match the terms and their descriptions:

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Match the terms with their characteristics:

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Match the terms with their definition:

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Match the terms with their definitions:

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Match the terms with their descriptions:

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Match the terms with their equivalents in Russian:

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Match the tests and their descriptions:

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Match the theories with their descriptions:

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Match the words to create phrases:

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Match these terms with their Russians equivalents:

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Mental imagery is a(n) …

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Multiple Intelligences Theory was developed by …, a Harvard psychologist and former student of Erik Erikson.

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Neurons absorb … (select 2 correct answers):

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Ochse's theory was developed in …

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Order the names of scientists that were mentioned in the lecture:

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Parental and … conflicts have been tied to the development of asthma.

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People with high emotional intelligence typically have well-developed …

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Put the following sentences in the right order:

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Put the names of scientists in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:

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Put the sentences in the right order:

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Put the words in order to make a sentence:

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Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

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Put the words in the right order to make a sentence.

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Put these items in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:

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Put these words in order to make a sentence:

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Put words below in the right order to make a sentence:

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Read the description below and answer the question: This person is extremely bright, often relying more on facts than feelings. They prefer to think in a more logical and analytical way. Question: What is this person’s emotional type?

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Read the question below and select one correct answer: How do we cultivate creative thinking?

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Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?

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Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: What is the essence of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking?

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Read the text and answer the question below: Rudy decided to write a story, using some images that had been in his head his whole life. One day he was rewatching his favorite film and spotted familiar images and realized where those images came from and what they meant. Question: What process was at work here?

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Read the text and answer the question below: Tina loves listening to music, because music inspires her to create new stories through images that she sees in her head at that time. Question: How would you describe the process that is happening to Tina?

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Read the text and answer the question: John is in the seventh grade at school. His parents motivate him with money and gifts. For every good mark John gets money. Question: How can you explain this situation?

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Read the text below and answer the question: Brian is a very smart boy, however, he doesn’t excel at school work. He frequently retakes exams, argues with his teachers, barely manages to keep up with his group mates academically. Outside of school, though, he is a star. Everyone knows that if they need help with something, they can go to Brian and he can figure out a way to resolve their situation. Question: How would you characterize Brian?

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Read the text below and answer the question: David’s brain was damaged after a car crash. Now David often needs help to reach objects and can’t define how far they are from him, so his wife helps him to get things he wants. Question: What brain area was damaged in the car crash?

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Read the text below and answer the question: John has problems at school: he can’t analyze books, lectures or films, however, he absorbs all the information and has a magnificent memory. But when he should conduct experiments or make a conclusion about “pitfalls” of different works or motives of other people he gets puzzled. Question: What should John work on developing?

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Read the text below and answer the question: Jurors place a lot of weight on eyewitness testimony. Imagine you are an attorney representing a defendant who is accused of robbing a convenience store. Several eyewitnesses have been called to testify against your client. Question: What would you tell the jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony?

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Read the text below and answer the question: Lily always needs some facts to solve a problem and doesn’t like to make things up. But her friend Ann often leans on her imagination. Question: Which of the girls has critical thinking and which has creative thinking?

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Read the text below and answer the question: Ruby is a clever girl, but she has trouble building relationships with other people. Sometimes she hurts others’ feelings and doesn’t understand why they are getting offended. Last month her friend’s (Thomas) uncle died and Ruby didn’t support Thomas and told him he hadn’t even loved his uncle and always talked nasty about him. They quarreled and Ruby didn’t understand why, after all she just had stated facts. Question: What is Ruby’s key obstacle to making new friends and maintaining relationships with existing ones?

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Read the text below and answer the question: Sarah wants to be a psychologist. Her parents are against Sarah's decision. They want Sarah to study medicine. Sarah is upset and doesn't know what to do. Question: What should Sarah do?

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Read the text below and answer the question: Suppose you are walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble, and your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened. Question: What is your interpretation, according to the theory?

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Read the text below and answer the question: The mental status exam is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate a person's cognitive and emotional functioning. It typically focuses on areas such as mood and affect, attention and concentration, appearance, and other mental processes. Question: Based on this information, which of the following areas would the mental status exam be unlikely to cover?

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Read the text below and answer the question: You and your roommate spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next morning an hour prior to the test. Your roommate asks you to explain why you think this is a good idea. Question: What do you tell her?

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Read the text below and answer the question: You are a practicing psychologist who prefers to focus on the individual and emphasize the unique personal experience of human nature. You understand the need for general laws but it’s not something that you pursue in your practice. Question: What is the name of your approach?

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Select components that are important for creativity (select 2 correct answers):

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Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of … in dealing with stress.

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The … approach focuses on understanding individuals in their unique context.

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The … approach in psychology seeks general principles and patterns applicable to groups.

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The … content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.

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The concept of mental imagery was developed …

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The concept of mental imagery was first consistently used in the then very new discipline of empirical psychology at the end of the 19th century. At that time, psychologists like Wilhelm … thought of mental imagery as a mental phenomenon characterized by its phenomenology – a quasi-perceptual episode with a certain specific phenomenal feel.

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The following is NOT one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:

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The inventor of The NEO Personality Inventory is …

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The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ….

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The major psychology approaches are the following … (Select 3 correct answers):

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The nomothetic approach involves establishing … or generalizations that apply to everyone.

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The nomothetic approach typically uses scientific methods such as … and observations to obtain quantitative data. Group averages are statistically analyzed to create predictions about people in general.

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The psychologist who developed active imagination is …

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The studies of creative people suggest the following number of components of creativity:

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The three functions of memory are ….

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The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ….

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There also appear to be specific … involved with the process of memory, such as epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and acetylcholine.

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This physical trace of memory is known as the ….

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This scientist has spent his career looking at the structure and specific aspects of RNA molecules and how their interactions could help produce antibiotics and ward off diseases:

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This type of processing deals with shape, depth, colour and object recognition:

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When we imagine something visually, it shows up in the visual …